...Detailed Table of Contents (under construction-- draft book)

The Precision Farming Primer  
   Introduction


© 1999 - 2001
Precision Farming Primer

An Overview of Precision Farming -- introduces spatial relationships as the basis of precision farming
Underlying Principles -- describes the difference between whole-field and site-specific farming
Unusual Blend of Technologies -- introduces the technologies supporting precision farming
Processing Precision Farming Data -- identifies the different levels in precision farming
Technical Issues -- introduces the four steps of the precision farming process
Current Reality and Future Directions -- looks at the opportunities of site-specific management

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Topic 1:
Continuous Data Logging


Smart Farmers and Dumb Maps -- identifies differences between descriptive and prescriptive mapping
GIS Quality Data -- describes a field's geographic patterns as an organized set of numbers
Four Basic Steps in Precision Farming -- describes the basic steps of the precision farming process
Putting Yield in Its Place --  discusses differences in mapping yield as discrete points or continuous surfaces
Putting Yield in Its Proper Place -- describes the major factors affecting geo-referencing of "raw" yield data
Connecting the Dots -- discusses the implications of point, swath, and grid formats for mapping yield data
Is Precision Farming Accurate? -- investigates differences between precision and accuracy
Resolving Yield Mapping Issues -- describes the "accuracy advantage" of grid formatted data

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Topic 2:
Point Sampling


Dirty Stuff -- presents an overview of the sampling process
Sampling Patterns -- discusses sampling patterns and their implications
From Points to Maps -- describes important factors common in spatial interpolation
Surf's Up -- discusses procedures and results of IDW, Kriging and MinCurve interpolation
How Good Is My Map? -- describes the Residual Analysis procedure for assessing interpolation results
A Map of Error -- identifies a procedure for generating maps of error from Residual Analysis
Justifiable Interpolation -- introduces the important concept of spatial dependency
What's It Like Around Here? -- describes the information in a variogram plot of spatial dependency
Zones and Surfaces -- discusses fundamental differences between Management Zones and Map Surfaces

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Topic 3:
Mapped Data Analysis Within a Single Map

The Big Picture -- reviews the basic steps in the precision farming process
Visceral Visions -- visually compares yield map displays
Visualizing Yield Data -- describes the differences between map data and map displays
Back to Basics -- reviews  "normal" statistical concepts (mean, median and mode)
Sticks and Stones -- discusses data dispersion measures (standard deviation and coffvar)
Statistically Summarizing Mapped Data -- discusses basic statistics used to describe mapped data
Assessing Spatial Dependency -- describes a basic procedure for measuring spatial dependency
Typifying Atypical Data -- discusses "non-normal" data (skewed and bi-modal)
A Standardized Map -- describes a procedure for identifying "unusual" locations in mapped data
Mapping Localized Variation -- describes a procedure for identifying areas of "high variability"
Mapping the Rate of Change -- describes a procedure for identifying areas of "rapidly changing conditions"

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Topic 4:
Mapped Data Analysis Among Several Maps

So, What’s the Difference? — discusses differences in information provided by visual vs. data analysis
Relating Maps — introduces basic concepts used in assessing relationships between maps
Viewing Maps as Data — describes linkages among traditional maps, data distributions and map surfaces
Data Space: The Next Frontier — introduces the underlying concept a computer uses to "see" map patterns
Map Similarity — extends the discussion to a computer procedure for assessing map similarity
Clustering Map Data: Part I — describes how a computer identifies similar "data zones" within an area
Clustering Map Data: Part II — discusses clustering procedures and interpretation of the results (
in prep)
Prediction Maps: Part I —  introduces concepts of spatial correlation and predictive modeling (
in prep)
Prediction Maps: Part II — discusses regression procedures and interpretation of the results (
in prep)
Comparing Maps — describes two basic approaches in comparing traditional maps
Comparing Map Surfaces: Part I — discusses the use of statistical tests in comparing mapped data
Comparing Map Surfaces: Part II — describes spatially based approaches to comparing mapped data
On-Farm Testing — investigates the use of GIS for on-farm studies (
in prep)

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Topic 6:
Understanding GIS


What Is GIS? -- defines geographic information systems (GIS)
Data Formats -- describes how "map features" are stored in a GIS
Data Links -- describes how "attribute" information is linked to map features
Dumb Maps -- discusses "vector" data structure and its implications
Raster Features -- discusses "raster" data structure and its implications
Converting Between Lines and Squares -- identifies procedures for converting between vector and raster
Workspaces -- discusses overall GIS data organization considerations
More on Spatial Topology -- discusses data structure and its effect on GIS analysis
Data Pedigree -- identifies metadata considerations and levels of data documentation

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Topic 7:
Understanding GPS, RS and IDI


Your Position: Where Are You? — introduces the basic concepts used in geographic referencing
Your Position: Projecting the Right Image — discusses map projection issues
GPS: Basic Stuff — describes how GPS technology works
GPS: Intermediate Stuff — discusses basic factors affecting GPS accuracy
GPS: Advanced Stuff — discusses additional GPS considerations
Remote Sensing: Basic Stuff — introduces basic remote sensing principles as applied to imaging vegetation
Remote Sensing: Intermediate Stuff — investigates important factors affecting RS signals from plant canopies
Remote Sensing: Advanced Stuff — discusses how RS data is analyzed using a computer
IDI: Yield Monitors — describes how Yield Monitors work
(in prep)
IDI: Variable Rate Technology — describes how Variable Rate Technology works
(in prep)

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Appendix A:
...the rest of the story


Part 1. Yield Mapping Considerations
Yield Mapping Sparks Precision Farming Success by Neil Havermale -- discusses several factors affecting spatial accuracy in yield mapping
Yield Monitors Create On- and Off-Farm Profit Opportunities by Tom Doerge — discusses the benefits of yield monitoring and mapping 

Part 2. Investigating Interpolation Results
Comparing Interpolated and Extrapolated Data -- investigates the relative performance of spatial interpolation and extrapolation
Normalized Map Comparisons -- compares raw and normalized maps
Defining the Norm -- describes a procedure for normalizing mapped data
Comparing the Comparable -- discusses the importance of comparing normalized maps
Visually Comparing Normalized Residual Maps -- visually compares normalized maps of Average, IDW, Kriging and MinCurve interpolation results
More on Zones and Surfaces -- discusses the relative variation "explained" by zone and surface maps
Last Word on Zones and Surfaces -- discusses the effects of "unexplained" variation in site-specific management
Excel Worksheet Investigating Zones and Surfaces --  provides access to Excel worksheets used in the zone and surface discussions

Part 3. More on Spatial Dependency
Spatial Dependency and Distance -- describes a procedure for relating spatial dependency and distance
Mapping Spatial Dependency -- describes a procedure for mapping localized spatial dependency
Excel Worksheets Investigating Spatial Dependency -- provides access to Excel worksheets used in the spatial dependency discussions

Part 4. More on Comparing Maps
Validity of Statistical Tests with Mapped Data by William Huber  — discusses concerns in applying traditional non-spatial techniques to analyze mapped data (in prep)
Excel Worksheet Investigating Map Surface Comparison — worksheet containing the calculations for t-test, percent difference and surface configuration examples

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Appendix B:
Precision Farming Resources


...Appendix is not currently Available

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Appendix C:
Checklist for Yield Mapping Software


Overview
Part 1 -- General Information and System Specification
Part 2 -- Software Installation, Program Environment, and Documentation/Support
Part 3 -- Data Handling
Part 4 -- Map Generation and Summary
Part 5 -- General Comments and Overview Summary
About -- the @gInnovator project

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The Precision Farming Primer  
   Appendix D:
Case Study in Precision Farming


Overview of the Case Study
”Some Assembly” Required in Precision Ag
Mapped Data Visualization and Summary
Preprocessing and Map Normalization
Comparing Yield Maps
Comparing Yield Surfaces
From Point Data to Map Surfaces
Benchmarking Interpolation Results
Assessing Interpolation Performance

Calculating Similarity Within A Field
Identifying Data Zones
Mapping Data Clusters
Predicting Maps
Stratifying Maps for Better Predictions

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